Experimental taphonomy: silicification of plants in Yellowstone hot-spring environments
Alan Channing and Dianne Edwards
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences, 2004
Abstract
During experiments conducted within the vent pool of Medusa Geyser, Norris
Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park, USA, amorphous opaline silica (opal-A) was deposited
on/within plant tissues within 30 days of immersion. Initially, deposition created inter/intra-cellular
films which lined cell walls plus intercellular colloid suspensions (sols) of opal-A nano/microspheres.
By 330 days, opal-A deposition created a robust external and internal matrix that stabilised tissues
against collapse and replicated plant structure. Opal-A films increased to micron-order thicknesses
and intracellular sols were created. Systematic variation of opal-A fabric between tissues comprising
living/dead cells at the time of deposition indicate that cell function, architecture and shape influence
fabric development. Heterogeneity of opal-A fabric within adjacent cells of similar structure/function
indicates spatially/temporally fluctuating physicochemical conditions and the presence of intraorganic
microenvironments. Early deposition of opal-A films suggests a period of low silica
supersaturation and slow opal-A deposition. In contrast, intracellular sols suggest high levels of
supersaturation, and rapid opal-A deposition. Shell-like microsphere growth suggests cyclic variation
of silica supersaturation, and alternations between rapid and slower opal-A deposition.
Microsphere growth to the upper limit of colloidal stability and colloidal crystal structures indicate
prolonged sol stability, whilst floc-like microsphere networks indicate localised sol instability.
NOTE: the article text supplied here is for educational purposes only.
*Don't have Adobe Reader?
Get the latest version.
NOTE: Some versions of Adobe Reader have problems with Google Chrome. Either resize the browser to view the paper or enable
the Chrome internal PDF viewer by entering chrome://plugins in your address bar and clicking enable for the Chrome PDF Viewer plugin.